{"title":"Shields","description":"\u003ch1 style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003eMedieval War Shields\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eThe \u003cb\u003eshield\u003c\/b\u003e is considered one of the oldest weapons, primarily used for defense, but also for attack. To our knowledge, the shield has been known for at least 5000 years. The earliest findings showing its existence are in the Mesopotamia region and belonged to the Sumerian civilization. This weapon was so popular and effective that it was used until the 17th century when it became obsolete due to the widespread use of firearms. However, today the shield is still used by police in all countries around the world.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eNormally, war shields were held with the left hand. This way, warriors could cover their entire body while using their right arm for counterattack.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eThe \u003cb\u003ematerials\u003c\/b\u003e typically used to manufacture \u003cb\u003ewar shields\u003c\/b\u003e varied greatly depending on the era. For example, shields made during the 3rd century BCE were made of wood and wicker. Later, leather and copper were used for their manufacture. In Ancient Greece, linen and bronze began to be used, and in the medieval period, in addition to wood, steel and brass also began to be used for the creation and decoration of shields.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eNot only the materials, but also the \u003cb\u003eshape\u003c\/b\u003e of this ancient weapon evolved over time. In earlier times, \u003cb\u003ewar shields\u003c\/b\u003e usually had a circular shape, while during the Roman Empire, they were semi-cylindrical, and later, medieval shields were oval.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTypes of war shields\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eBroadly speaking, the following \u003cb\u003etypes of shields\u003c\/b\u003e are distinguished:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e·\u003cspan\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003eAdarga:\u003c\/b\u003e An oval shield, composed of two leathers sewn together. It began to be used by the Muslim cavalry of Al-Andalus and continued to be used by Christian infantry and cavalry until the 16th century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e·\u003cspan\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003eAspis:\u003c\/b\u003e A circular shield. It was composed of wooden planks glued together. The lower part of the shield was covered with leather. It was used by the \u003cb\u003eancient Greeks\u003c\/b\u003e, who began using it in the Minoan era and continued until the 4th century BCE.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e·\u003cspan\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003eBuckler:\u003c\/b\u003e Bucklers were small, circular medieval shields, made of wood, iron, or steel. They featured a boss in the middle to protect the hand holding it. They were used throughout the \u003cb\u003eMiddle Ages\u003c\/b\u003e and even into the Renaissance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e·\u003cspan\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003eClipeus:\u003c\/b\u003e A large, circular shield. The structure of these types of shields could be made of wood and sometimes with interwoven willow branches. This internal structure of the shield was covered with multiple layers of metal sheets. The center usually had a boss that served to deflect enemy weapons and could also be used as a weapon. This type of shield was used by the \u003cb\u003eancient Greeks and Romans\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e·\u003cspan\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003ePavise:\u003c\/b\u003e A large, elongated rectangular shield. It was usually made of wood and covered with painted leather and adorned with heraldic motifs. These medieval shields were used \u003cb\u003efrom the 11th to the 15th century\u003c\/b\u003e, although offshore sailors continued to use them for combat aboard galleys until the 17th century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e·\u003cspan\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003eKite or Teardrop:\u003c\/b\u003e A shield in the shape of an elongated drop or teardrop. This shape significantly improved the protection of the leading leg. It was made of wood. The period in which it was most used was \u003cb\u003ebetween the 10th and 12th centuries\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e·\u003cspan\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003eRodela:\u003c\/b\u003e A lenticular-shaped war shield, primarily used for sword fighting. It was a training and dueling shield. It was made of wood or steel. It was used \u003cb\u003efrom antiquity to the Modern Age\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e·\u003cspan\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003eTarge:\u003c\/b\u003e A round, concave shield, traditional in Scotland, although its design was developed in Spain. It was made of iron or wood with plated iron. It was used by infantry \u003cb\u003efrom the 13th to the 16th century\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003cspan\u003e     \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e·\u003cspan\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003eTarja: \u003c\/b\u003eConcave medieval shields used to cover the entire body. They were made of wood and covered with leather; over time, these war shields were made only of metals to achieve greater resistance. With some modifications, this type of shield was also used throughout the Middle Ages.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e·\u003cspan\u003e         \u003c\/span\u003eScutum:\u003c\/b\u003e A large, semi-cylindrical shield, adapted to the natural shape of the human body. It was usually made of solid wood, although it was also made with a wooden frame covered with several metallic layers. It was used by \u003cb\u003eRoman legionaries until the 3rd century\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003eIn this category, due to the greater development of the aesthetics of \u003cb\u003ewar shields\u003c\/b\u003e that took place in the Middle Ages, we primarily offer medieval shields, although you can also find shields from earlier times.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eMedieval Shields from the exclusive collection of \u003cstrong\u003e\"Historical Shields\"\u003c\/strong\u003e manufactured by Marto.\u003c\/h4\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"escudo-aguila-bicefala","title":"Double-Headed Eagle Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930822324555,"sku":"960","price":165.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/841.jpg?v=1775131344"},{"product_id":"escudo-leon-rampante","title":"Rampant Lion Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930822488395,"sku":"961","price":165.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/843_3281db93-12bd-4c89-9410-7f6d2fdd98be.jpg?v=1775131346"},{"product_id":"escudo-torre","title":"Tower Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930822652235,"sku":"962","price":165.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/845.jpg?v=1775131345"},{"product_id":"escudo-rey-arturo-tres-coronas","title":"King Arthur's Shield - Three Crowns","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930822848843,"sku":"963.1","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/846_4e5e1e64-033e-471e-afaa-68b84725b697.jpg?v=1775131346"},{"product_id":"escudo-toledo","title":"Toledo Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930823012683,"sku":"963.2","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/847.jpg?v=1775131346"},{"product_id":"escudo-flor-de-lis","title":"Fleur-de-lis Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930823110987,"sku":"963.3","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/848.jpg?v=1775131346"},{"product_id":"escudo-ricardo-corazon-de-leon","title":"Richard the Lionheart's Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930823242059,"sku":"963.4","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/849.jpg?v=1775131347"},{"product_id":"escudo-el-cid-campeador","title":"El Cid Campeador coat of arms","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930823373131,"sku":"963.5","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/850.jpg?v=1775131348"},{"product_id":"escudo-castilla-leon","title":"Coat of Arms of Castile and Leon","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930823569739,"sku":"963.6","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/851.jpg?v=1775131348"},{"product_id":"escudo-cruz-templarios","title":"Templar Cross Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930823766347,"sku":"963.7","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/852.jpg?v=1775047186"},{"product_id":"escudo-medieval-cruz-orden-de-santiago-laton","title":"Medieval Shield Cross Order of Santiago Brass","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eshield\u003c\/strong\u003e is the active defensive weapon used by almost all cultures for defense in long-range and hand-to-hand combat.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf different shapes and materials, it had a high symbolic value and was decorated with emblematic motifs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe shield was not usually abandoned for reasons of honor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"All go into hand-to-hand combat with the long spear\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eOr strike with the sword and finish off the fierce enemy\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlacing foot next to foot, pressing shield against shield\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlume next to plume and helmet against helmet\"\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe closed formation and being able to protect oneself with a comrade's shield was a guarantee.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin the funerary context, the shield is an insignia that honors the deceased. It was an honor for the warrior to consecrate his own shield after his death in combat. According to classical texts, it was the piece of armament most dedicated to the Gods. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eshield\u003c\/strong\u003e could be offered as part of loot collected on the battlefield.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedieval shield, Swiss style with three points on the chief and finished in a point at the bottom. It is decorated with the Insignia of the \u003cstrong\u003eOrder of Santiago\u003c\/strong\u003e, a Gules Cross simulating a sword, with a fleur-de-lis shape on the hilt and on the arms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the Exclusive Collection of Historical Shields manufactured by \u003cstrong\u003eMarto\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Origin and Quality. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930823930187,"sku":"963,8","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/853.jpg?v=1775131349"},{"product_id":"escudo-cruz-calatravos-laton","title":"Calatrava Cross Brass Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eshield\u003c\/strong\u003e is an active defense weapon because, unlike armor that protects \"by clothing the body\" (breastplate, helmet, etc.), the shield can be moved by its bearer. By pushing with it, they could clear a path and break through the enemy's tight ranks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe shield was not usually abandoned out of honor, but also because it was not so easy in a moment of danger to run and discard a shield that was strapped on. Not abandoning one's shield on the battlefield was interpreted as a symbol of the warrior's courage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe tight formation and the ability to protect oneself with a comrade's shield was a guarantee.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"Each soldier tries to cover as much of his exposed side as possible with the shield of the man aligned to his right...\" (Thucydides)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedieval Shield,\u003c\/strong\u003e Swiss style with three points at the chief and ending in a point at the bottom. It is decorated with the Cross of the Order of Calatrava, consisting of a gules Greek cross, with its arms shaped like \u003cstrong\u003efleur-de-lis.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the Exclusive Collection of Historical Shields by \u003cstrong\u003eMarto.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Origin and Quality. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930824061259,"sku":"963,9","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/854.jpg?v=1775131349"},{"product_id":"escudo-medieval-cruz-celta-laton","title":"Medieval Shield Celtic Cross Brass","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eshield\u003c\/strong\u003e is the oldest active defensive weapon used to protect against offensive weapons and for attack.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is commonly held on the left arm and helps cover the body from blows without preventing the use of the right arm for counterattacking.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt underwent major modifications in both materials and shape, either over time or across geographical regions, adapting to technological changes or tactics to ensure maximum protection for combatants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMade from different materials such as leather, very resistant to arrows and spears; linen, copper, bronze and, above all, wood.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe shield was not usually abandoned for reasons of honor. Not abandoning one's shield on the battlefield was interpreted as a symbol of the warrior's courage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e“Return with your shield or on it” (Spartan Maxim)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedieval Shield, Swiss style with three points at the top and tapering to a point at the bottom. It is decorated with a Celtic cross, a cross with a circle surrounding its intersection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the Exclusive Collection of Historical Shields by \u003cstrong\u003eMarto.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Origin and Quality. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930824192331,"sku":"963.10","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/855_cd0212c1-1055-4329-b2aa-d979195a68d7.jpg?v=1775131349"},{"product_id":"escudo-cruz-templaria-laton","title":"Templar Cross Shield Brass","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eshield\u003c\/strong\u003e has been used by almost all human cultures for defense in combat, both long-range and close-range, due to its versatility in protecting the fighter from aggressions with thrown or wielded weapons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMade with different materials such as leather, very resistant to arrows and spears; linen, copper, to reinforce the shield; bronze, which covered the outer surface; although the material par excellence was wood, which prevailed throughout history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt could be manufactured in different ways depending on the type of protection for the combatant, from a simple, light, and resistant wicker weave, or perforated with a thick structure of joined pieces, or a single sculpted piece of wood.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the Byzantine Empire, the oval shield prevailed. In the West, from the 10th century onwards, the almond-shaped shield, attributed to the Normans, was quite common, with a sharp lower point to stick it into the ground when troops halted. From the late 13th century to the 16th century, it tended towards an equilateral triangular shape.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShields were covered with leather and painted with particular emblems or signs that formed the basis of coats of arms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the funerary context, the shield is an insignia that honors the deceased. It was an honor for the warrior to consecrate his own shield after his death in combat.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e“…You will possess at least a bronze shield, in which you will be buried” (The Trojan Women by Euripides)”\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedieval Shield\u003c\/strong\u003e, Swiss style with three points at the top and pointed at the bottom. It is adorned with the Cross Pattée granted to the \u003cstrong\u003eOrder of the Knights Templar\u003c\/strong\u003e by Pope Eugene III in 1147.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom Marto's Exclusive Collection of Historical Shields.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Origin and Quality. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930824257867,"sku":"963,11","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/856.jpg?v=1775131350"},{"product_id":"escudo-cruz-templaria-roja","title":"Red Templar Cross Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eshield\u003c\/strong\u003e has been used by almost all human cultures for defense in combat, both long-range and hand-to-hand, due to its versatility in protecting the fighter from aggressions with thrown or wielded weapons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMade with different materials such as leather, very resistant to arrows and spears; linen, copper, to reinforce the shield; bronze, which covered the outer surface; although the material par excellence was wood, which prevailed throughout history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt could be manufactured in different ways depending on the type of protection for the combatant, from a simple, light and resistant wicker weave, or perforated with a thick structure of joined pieces, or a single sculpted piece of wood.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the Byzantine Empire, the oval shield prevailed. In the West, from the 10th century onwards, the almond-shaped one, attributed to the Normans, was quite common, with a sharp lower point to stick it into the ground when troops halted. From the late 13th century to the 16th century, it tended towards an equilateral triangular shape.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe shields were covered with leather and painted with emblems or particular signs that gave rise to coats of arms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin the funerary context, the shield is an insignia that honors the deceased. It was an honor for the warrior to consecrate his own shield after his death in combat.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e“…You shall possess at least one bronze shield, in which you shall be buried” (Euripides’ Trojan Women)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedieval Shield,\u003c\/strong\u003e Swiss style with three points on the chief and pointed at the bottom. It is adorned with the Cross Pattée granted to the Order of the Knights Templar by Pope Eugene III in 1147.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the Exclusive Collection of Historical Shields by \u003cstrong\u003eMarto.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Origin and Quality. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930824454475,"sku":"963,12","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/857.jpg?v=1775131350"},{"product_id":"escudo-orden-de-santiago-cruz-roja","title":"Santiago Order Red Cross Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe shield is the active defensive weapon used by almost all cultures for defense in both ranged and close combat.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf different shapes and materials, it held high symbolic value and was decorated with emblematic motifs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe shield was rarely abandoned for reasons of honor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e“Go all to close combat with the long spear\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eOr strike with the sword and finish off the fierce enemy\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlacing foot beside foot, pressing shield against shield\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlume beside plume and helmet against helmet”\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe closed formation and being able to protect oneself with a comrade's shield was a guarantee.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin the funerary context, the shield was an insignia that honored the deceased. It was an honor for a warrior to consecrate his own shield after his death in combat. According to classical texts, it was the piece of armor most dedicated to the gods. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eshield\u003c\/strong\u003e could be offered as part of spoils collected on the battlefield.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedieval Shield,\u003c\/strong\u003e Swiss style with three points at the top and tapering to a point at the bottom. It is decorated with the \u003cstrong\u003eInsignia of the Order of Santiago\u003c\/strong\u003e, a gules cross simulating a sword, with a fleur-de-lis shape on the hilt and arms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom Marto's Exclusive Collection of Historical Shields.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Origin and Quality. 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The fact of not abandoning one's shield on the battlefield was interpreted as a symbol of the warrior's courage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe closed formation and being able to protect oneself with a comrade's shield was a guarantee.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\"Each soldier tries to cover as much as he can his exposed side with the shield of the man aligned to his right...\" (Thucydides)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedieval Shield\u003c\/strong\u003e, Swiss style with three points on the chief and pointed at the bottom. It is decorated with the Cross of Calatrava, a red Greek cross, with its arms shaped like fleurs-de-lis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the Exclusive Collection of Historical Shields by \u003cstrong\u003eMarto.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Origin and Quality. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930824782155,"sku":"963,14","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/859.jpg?v=1775131351"},{"product_id":"escudo-cruz-celta-roja","title":"Celtic Cross Red Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eshield\u003c\/strong\u003e is the oldest active defensive weapon used to protect against offensive weapons and for attack.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is commonly held on the left arm and helps cover the body from blows without preventing the use of the right arm for counterattacking.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt underwent major modifications in both materials and shape, either over time or across geographical regions, adapting to technological changes or tactics to ensure maximum protection for combatants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMade from different materials such as leather, very resistant to arrows and spears; linen, copper, bronze and, above all, wood.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe shield was not usually abandoned for reasons of honor. Not abandoning one's shield on the battlefield was interpreted as a symbol of the warrior's courage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e \"Return with your shield or on it\" (Spartan Maxim)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMedieval Shield, Swiss style with three points on the chief and pointed at the bottom. It is decorated with the \u003cstrong\u003eCeltic Cross\u003c\/strong\u003e, a cross with a circle surrounding its intersection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom \u003cstrong\u003eMarto's\u003c\/strong\u003e Exclusive Collection of Historical Shields.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Origin and Quality. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930824945995,"sku":"963,15","price":192.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/860.jpg?v=1775131352"},{"product_id":"escudo-cruz-templarios-1","title":"Templar Cross Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930825109835,"sku":"965 .0","price":220.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/861.jpg?v=1775047190"},{"product_id":"escudo-caballeros-templarios","title":"Templar Knights Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930825208139,"sku":"965.1","price":220.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/862_d6fc6778-a9ea-4e10-b8cc-7255172a09fb.jpg?v=1775131352"},{"product_id":"escudo-mesa-redonda-rey-arturo","title":"King Arthur Round Table Crest","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. Made in Toledo.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Marto","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56930825306443,"sku":"965.2","price":220.0,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/1033\/6550\/9451\/files\/863.jpg?v=1775131353"},{"product_id":"escudo-especial-leon-rampante","title":"Special Rampant Lion Shield","description":"\u003cp\u003eCertificate of Quality and Origin. 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